| Baqa al-Gharbiyye | |
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| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • Hebrew | בָּקַה אל-עַ'רְבִּיָּה |
| • Also spelled | Baqa al-Gharbiya (unofficial) |
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | باقة الغربية |
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Baqa al-Gharbiyye
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| Coordinates: | |
| District | Haifa |
| Government | |
| • Type | City (from 1996) |
| • Mayor | Yitzhak Wald |
| Area | |
| • Total | 9,100 dunams (9.1 km2 / 3.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 19,200 |
| Name meaning | {estern bouquet (of flowers) |
Baqa al-Gharbiyye (Arabic: باقة الغربية, Hebrew: באקה אל-גרביה, בָּקַה אל-עַ'רְבִּיָּה; lit. Baqa West) is a predominantly Arab city in the Haifa District in Israel, located near the Green Line. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), at the end of 2001 the city had a total population of 19,200. In 2003, Baqa al-Gharbiyye united with the Jatt local council to form Baqa-Jatt.
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Ceramic objects from the late Roman or early Byzantine periods have been found.[1]
The earliest documentation regarding Baqa is from the 12th century. In 1265 Baibars divided the village of Baqa between Alam al-Din al-Zahiry and Aladdin al-Tankazy when the villages of Palestine were divided and given to the mujaheddin who fought against the Crusaders and the Byzantines.
Baqa was mentioned in an Ottoman document in 1538, as a five-family small village with 11 non-married people. In 1596, Baqa al-Gharbiyye appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Jabal Shami of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 5 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, goats or beehives, and a press for olives or grapes.[2]
At the end of the 19th century, Baqa al-Gharbiyye was described as a village of moderate size, very white and conspicuous. It had a few olive trees, and orchards to the south.[3]
In the 1931 census of Palestine, Baqa was recorded as having a population of 1,640 Muslims living in 403 houses. [4] These numbers included the nearby smaller locality EI Manshiya.[4]
Just like other Palestinian villages a strict British martial law controlled the village. When the battles reached a peak in 1938 a state of emergency was declared by Britain and tough collective punishment was imposed on every village where militants were found. A British military camp was established near the al-Madrasa al-Foqa School.
In 25 August 1938 a clash took place between British troops and local militants and resulted in an armed battle which resulted two dead British officers and injuring three militants. The same day British military forces stormed the village and larger battles begun and continued until next day morning by which British losses raised to three.
The next day, 26 August 1938, the British ordered the villagers to leave homes without taking anything with them and those to refused were taken out by force, and they were driven to a nearby camp. Later on raids over the village started and continued until evening, leaving a great devastation for such a small village then: most of the wooden homes were burnt and over 70 homes were flattened. After the raids were over the villagers were forced to walk to the Nur al-Shams Camp near Tulkarm. The next day the villagers returned to the village to find out the huge damage that occurred to Baqa, and the news spread out quickly in the Palestinian cities. This was one of the largest British attacks on a Palestinian village during the revolt.
In the early years of Israeli independence, Baqa al-Gharbiyye was one of the headquarters of the Israeli military administration.[6] The land holdings of the town, which had been 21,116 dunams in 1945, were reduced to 8,228 dunams by 1962, mostly due to expropriation in 1953–1954.[6]In 1963, the Baka canning plant went into partnership with Priman, an Israeli company that relocated to Baqa al-Gharibiyye.[7] Baqa al-Gharbiyye developed quickly and expanded especially beginning in the 1990s.
In 1996, Baqa al-Gharbiyye was declared a city. In 2003 it was combined with the nearby town Jatt to become the city of Baqa-Jatt.[8]
Baqa al-Gharbiyye is separated from its West Bank sister city, Baqa ash-Sharqiyya (or Baqa East) by the Israeli West Bank barrier which in this section coincides with the Green Line.[9] As a result, a concrete wall topped with barbed wire runs through one neighbourhood.[10]
As the Israeli foreign minister in April and June 2008, Tzipi Livni raised the possibility of territorial exchange with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas. She proposed transferring Israeli Arab communities, among them Baqa al-Garbiyeh, to the Palestinian side of the border. The Palestinians rejected the proposal. [11]
In 2003, the official population was 24,000. Together with Jatt the estimated population is 32,500. The ethnic makeup of the city is entirely Muslim Arab, with no Jewish population and some European and foreign exceptions. The city is made up of 51% males an 49% females. Baqa has a population growth rate of 3.1%. The population of the city is spread out with 48.6% 19 years of age or younger, 18.4% between 20 and 29, 18.9% between 30 and 44, 9.5% from 45 to 59, 1.8% from 60 to 64, and 2.8% 65 years of age or older.
According to CBS, 47.8% of 12th grade students were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001. There are 6 elementary school, two junior-high schools and two high school, in addition to a private school. In addition to the official education institutions, Baqa has a wide range of private educational institutions which provide services to the city residents as well as people from the whole region. In addition, The Al-Rahma School (مدرسة الرحمة) in the city provides Special education for the city and the surrounding towns and villages.
The Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education, located in the city, as well-known students come to it for studying from all around the country. The college is growing and expanding rapidly as a part of the Al-Qasemi group of projects for establishing high-standards private education in the city including the private school, a library and several centers for extra-education.[12]
According to CBS, as of 2000, in the city there were 3,735 salaried workers and 501 are self-employed. The mean monthly wage in 2000 for a salaried worker in the city is ILS 3,415, a real change of −2.3% over the course of 2000. Salaried males have a mean monthly wage of ILS 4,110 (a real change of 0.2%) versus ILS 1,660 for females (a real change of −20.5%). The mean income for the self-employed is 4,993. There are 338 people who receive unemployment benefits and 1,520 people who receive an income guarantee.
Baqa al-Gharbiyye is considered a commercial and industrial center for nearby towns, villages and kibbutzim. There are over 400 workshops in Baqa. Industrial zones make up 8.5% of city's area.
In 2007, the mayors of Baqa al-Gharbiyya and Bakq al-Sharkiya signed an agreement to clean up Wadi Abu Nar, a polluted stream that runs through both villages. The mayors also committed to protecting the mountain aquifer, the most important underground water source for Israelis and Palestinians, by establishing an authorized sewage grid-system. Baqa al-Gharbiyya agreed to connect the town's sewage treatment plant with a waste disposal network in Baqa al Sharkiya.[13]
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